Raising Revenue For The Federal Budget Essay - 2176 Words

To raise revenue for the federal budget in hopes to improve and grow a country and its economy, the government uses methods of taxation. These methods are usually structured in such a way that they take the well being and best interest of the citizens into consideration. The revenue raised is used by the federal budget to fund the governmental programs implemented to keep the elderly, disabled, and the unemployed from falling below the poverty line. However, in regards to which tax system a country has, the government will always benefit in some way or the other. In the United States of America, there is a progressive taxation system where the rates are not fixed. Today, many taxpayers strive to familiarize themselves with the current tax system but many find it hard to do. Thus, the topic has been debated for many years now as to whether or not the United States government should change the current tax system and implement a flat tax system in its place to help reduce the strain on taxpayers by figuring out how tax rate should be distributed among the economic classes. Taxation has been a part of the United States history since the U.S. became an independent country in the 1700’s. It was one of the main reasons for the U.S to rebel against Great Britain, as a result, the American Revolution occurred due to the unfair taxes and the taxpayers felt that they were being taxed with no representation since they were not able to vote on the taxes they had to pay (Smith,Show MoreRelatedTaxes: Distributional Effects Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthis time of economic crisis the top priority is to see revenue growth. It is important there is a fiscal solution to create a sustainable budget agreement providing fairness and a logical taxation process for both higher income and lower income people. Throughout this span of time, trying to figure out a budget deal, we see trends of tax cuts, raising of taxes and spending and investing. All of these trends aim at the same mission to raise revenue and create a stable fiscal environment for the futureRead MoreNational Deficit and National Debt Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesfinally reached. Currently the national policy on the debt is to continue raising the debt limit until a solution is found that is agreeable between both parties in Congress. The two main issues of over spending and the constant raising of the debts ceiling by Congress can both be resolved by government spending reform, balancing the federal budget and initiating pro-growth policies in order to increase the government’s tax revenue. The debt ceiling is a term that holds a lot power and is currently controllingRead MoreState Budgeting Issues 1484 Words   |  6 Pagesday all states have struggled to balance their budget and not run a deficit. Throughout American history, this is said to be the worst recession since 1947 after World War II. Revenues fell substantially and unemployment went into the double digits. Throughout this struggle we’ve seen cuts in education, public services, increases in taxes and spending cuts. This recession has affected businesses and residence raging from young to elderly. The federal government has stepped in to help by providingRead MoreFederal Budget Deficit1343 Words   |  6 PagesExcessive Borrowing: Our Federal Government s Budget Deficit Maria comes home one day earlier than usual. Her family, two daughters of age five and eight and a stay-at-home husband, is surprised to see her so early and unexpectedly. The tired look on her face reveals the experience she had at work. She brings out a sluggish smile as her daughters rush up to greet her with their warm embraces, reminding her of the happiness they constantly provide but also saddened by their questionable futureRead MoreManaging Accountability Paper1638 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment Block Grant Program that give a positive impact to individuals by creating jobs and rehabilitating poverty stricken neighborhoods that not only provide a community with hope but also stimulate economic growth of the economy. Local, state, and federal governments also provide its citizens with advantages of amenities such as recreational activities, upgrading of water systems, and the maintenance and construction of roads and highways that spark growth of communities and econom y of the area. TheRead MoreThe State of the Federal Budget940 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the current state of the Federal Budget? According to Shultz (2002), individuals and businesses fund the Federal Government through personal income and payroll taxes. With the unemployment rate at 8.1% as of January 1st, 2014 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014), created an overall shortage in both individual and business taxes. Segal (2010) points out that America has not had a balanced budget since 2001. In 2008 the US national debt held by foreign holdings was at 48%, while the publicRead MoreThe Australian Federal Budget for 2014/2015 Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe key initiatives of 2014/15 Federal Budget aimed at achieving the government’s economic objectives: The 2014‑15 Budget is part of the Government’s Economic Action Approach to repair the budget and build a strong and prosperous economy within the next few years. The substantial savings decisions in this Budget put Australia back on track to a sustainable and responsible budget position. The Government economic objectives are to provide for Australia; full employment, economic growth, externalRead MoreWashington Is The Largest And The 13th Most Populous State887 Words   |  4 Pagesprograms for bachelor’s and master’s degrees. With this being said, higher education accounts for approximately 18.1% of the total state budget and 8.2% of the general fund. Unfortunately this is still far below the â€Å"maintenance level† that is required for the universities to provide the same level of service as they did the year before. A maintenance-level budget includes cost increases over which the institutions have no control, such as negotiated wage and benefit agreements, inflation in the costRead MoreState Center Case Study Solution1205 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion deficit and proposed a 0.75 percent increase in sales taxes and other measures to cut spending and increase revenue to prevent defaulting at yesterday’s City Council meeting. City Treasurer and Clerk E.Z. Million announced that he, Mayor Rudy Walker and the City Manager John Paul Black had developed a plan to prevent a shortfall in the yearly budget, with a majority of the new revenue coming from increasing the sales tax to two percent from 1.25 percent, this plan was controversial with the membersRead MoreThe Gross Domestic Product Is A Economic Impact On The Economy1493 Words   |  6 Pagesuseful to see spending and revenue as a percentage of GDP rather than raw dollars because it gives an accurate proportion of governments spending and revenue, it is a performance measure to know how well the economy of a country is. The Factors being controlled by this approach is inflation, deflation, economic expansion and trends, currency rates and fluctuation. 1b.1940- 1945 saw the economy of the nation at a very high government spending GDP at 43% and revenue at 20%, meaning the government

William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice - 2059 Words

Artese claims that the flesh-bond plot in The Merchant of Venice resembles a folktale known as â€Å"A Pound of Flesh† (325). Artese supports his supposition with background context and parallels between the two story lines. Literary versions of the pound of flesh story circulated during the sixteenth century and were collected since the nineteenth century because of the plot’s longevity and populairity Shakespeare would have been familiar with pound of flesh stories (326). Human commodification is a central issue in both The Merchant of Venice and the folktale. When Portia states that Shylock cannot extract a drop of blood from Antonio and take no less or no more than an exact pound, this also alludes to the pound of flesh storyline (330-331). After establishing that The Merchant of Venice’s plot is based off of the pound of flesh storyline, the author explains that it was important for Shakespeare to use this specific plot because it shows the power dynamics be tween the Venetian Christian and the Jew. The pound of flesh folktale often centers around an outsider character trying to obtain pound the flesh that was agreed upon, but the outsider’s plea is usually foiled for â€Å"absurd† reasons (331). The Merchant of Venice is set in Venice because it was considered a relatively tolerant city; it was one of the only places where a Jew could have gone to court to defend such a bond (332). Shylock expected to be treated equally, but Artese shows that, like the folktale story, the law ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s comedy The Merchant of Venice uses contrasting religions to draw out major themes through the ethnic divides that are exemplified. The play expresses the extreme cultural divide between the Jews and Christians through a legal contract between two men. The rivalry between the two men, Shylock and Antonio is clear from the beginning of the play and only intensifies as it continu es on. Modern day readers most likely take away a slightly different message from the play than whatRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1320 Words   |  6 Pagesghetto, and were treated as inferior to the rest of the city. William Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice exhibits the prejudicial attitudes of his era. Antonio, a Christian merchant, makes a deal with Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. Shylock uses it as an opportunity to exact revenge by demanding a pound of Antonio’s flesh if he does not meet his end of the bargain. By pitting the majority of his characters against Shylock, Shakespeare portrays Shylock in a way that discriminates against all JewsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2269 Words   |  10 PagesSamantha Hansen ENG 314 Brother Brugger 12.15.14 The Question of Shylock It is hard to read The Merchant of Venice without finding at least one character to sympathize with. The unforgettable villain Shylock as well as Portia, Shakespeare’s first and one of his most famous heroines are arguably some of this plays most beloved characters. But, is Shylock really the villain? Or is he a victim of circumstance? Shylock’s insistence for a pound of flesh has made him one of literatures most memorableRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1970 Words   |  8 Pagesthe titles are reflective of the protagonists featured within. For example, the famous titles of Julius Caesar and Hamlet tell the tragedies of those respective characters. However, when it comes to William Shakespeare’s fourteenth play, The Merchant of Venice, it can be argued that Antonio, the merchant, is not who the play is about. In fact, there is not just one character, but instead multiple that fit the description of the protagonist. The main plot, or rather p lots, of the play revolve aroundRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1315 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare the play is based upon the hierarchy between Christian men and Jewish men. A character by the name of Bassanio borrows money from his friend Antonio, and Antonio borrows the money from Shylock to give to Bassanio. Eventually, Antonio cannot pay the money back because his ships have supposedly sunk. Therefore, he comes close to death because he signed a bond with Shylock stating that Shylock would get a pound of his flesh if the bond was not repaidRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1532 Words   |  7 Pagesuseless dialogue can make readers skip over what seems like a false beginning to a good story. But think about this: what if those seemingly lengthy, extra, useless words were actually important? For example, the opening 115 lines of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice are provide minimal support to the story at first glance. In these lines, Antonio and his friends are discussing the dynamics of happiness and sadness in order to find the root of Antonio’s sad mood. This portion of the play givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Merchant Of Venice988 Words   |  4 PagesAs I finished reading Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare, I realized that the struggle of the play gyrates around whether justice is truly served and is morality advocated or manipulated by those in authority. The struggle between the principles of justice have caused many readers to question the interaction between the definition of morality and justice. The bond that causes readers to take a closer look throughout the play originates from Shylock’s desire for vengeance and Antonio’s desireRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfundamentalist Americans. The ills of money-lending from the Eastern perspective have been fodder for Western literature for centuries, replete with illustrations that mirror the differences and similarities in East-West cultural norms. In William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, money-lending has gone awry. In Act I, Scene iii, the Italian Antonio seeks to borrow 3,000 ducats from the Jewish Shylock, and Shylock intends to charge him interest, which is against Jewish economic-religious principles (BateRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is so alike to our financially afflicted world. The rules of law and commerce are subject to deceptive manipulation, fear of the other overwhelms respect for a common humanity, duplicity is the norm, sexuality is a vehicle for ambition, and money drives and wraps almost every action. It is a classic tale that includes important details of the financial crisis in the Unit ed States during 2007-2009. Shakespeare’s Venice, like the New York of his time - and theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 1189 Words   |  5 PagesNikki Vietz Ms. Seibel Honors English 12 1 May 2015 Was Shakespeare Prejudice? The premise of William Shakespeare comedy, The Merchant of Venice, is the hostile relationship between Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, and Antonio, a Christian trader. The two gentlemen have a deep history of hatred due to personal injuries and Antonio’s refusal to collect interest on loans. This hatred comes to a climax when Antonio’s friend, Bassanio wishes to borrow three thousands ducats from Antonio so he can travel

World War 1 Essay Example For Students

World War 1 Essay Chapter 1: The Right to Make WarSince 1795, when Immanuel Kant published in his old age his treatise on Perpetual Peace, many have considered it an established fact that war is the destruction of all good and the origin of all evil. In spite of all that history teaches, no conviction is felt that the struggle between nations is inevitable, and the growth of civilization is credited with a power to which war must yield. But, undisturbed by such human theories and the change of times, war has again and again marched from country to country with the clash of arms, and has proved its destructive as well as creative and purifying power. It has not succeeded in teaching mankind what its real nature is. Long periods of war, far from convincing men of the necessity of war, have, on the contrary, always revived the wish to exclude war, where possible, from the political intercourse of nations. This wish and this hope are widely disseminated even today. The maintenance of peace is lauded as the only goal at which statesmanship should aim. This unqualified desire for peace has obtained in our days a quite peculiar power over mens spirits. This aspiration finds its public expression in peace leagues and peace congresses; the Press of every country and of every party opens its columns to it. The current in this direction is, indeed, so strong that the majority of Governments professoutwardly, at any ratethat the necessity of maintaining peace is the real aim of their policy; while when a war breaks out the aggressor is universally stigmatized, and all Governments exert themselves, partly in reality, partly in pretense, to extinguish the conflagration. Pacific ideals, to be sure, are seldom the real motive of their action. They usually employ the need of peace as a cloak under which to promote their own political aims. This was the real position of affairs at the Hague Congresses,1 and this is also the meaning of the action of the United States of America, who in recent times have earnestly tried to conclude treaties for the establishment of Arbitration Courts, first and foremost with England, but also with Japan, France, and Germany. No practical results, it must be said, have so far been achieved. We can hardly assume that a real love of peace prompts these efforts. This is shown by the fact that precisely those Powers which, as the weaker, are exposed to aggression, and therefore were in the greatest need of international protection, have been completely passed over in the American proposals for Arbitration Courts. It must consequently be assumed that very matter-of-fact political motives led the Americans, with their commercial instincts, to take such steps, and induced perfidious Albion 2 to accede to the proposals. We may suppose that England intended to protect her rear in event of a war with Germany, but that America wished to have a free hand in order to follow her policy of sovereignty in Central America without hindrance, and to carry out her plans regarding the Panama Canal in the exclusive interests of America. Both countries certainly entertained the hope of gaining advantage over the other signatory of the treaty, and of winning the lions share for themselves. The orists and fanatics imagine that they see in the efforts of President Taft a great step forward on the path to perpetual peace, and enthusiastically agree with him. Even the Minister for Foreign Affairs in England, with well-affected idealism, termed the procedure of the United States an era in the history of mankind. .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 , .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .postImageUrl , .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 , .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:hover , .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:visited , .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:active { border:0!important; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:active , .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138 .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9339b544a66916b879666e7f698f1138:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Violence6 EssayThis desire for peace has rendered most civilized nations anemic, and marks a decay of spirit and political courage such as has often been shown by a race of Epigoni. It has always been, Heinrich von Treitschke tells us, the weary, spiritless, and exhausted ages which have played with the dream of perpetual peace. 3Everyone will, within certain limits, admit that the endeavors to diminish the dangers of war and to mitigate the sufferings which war entails are justifiable. It is an incontestable fact that war temporarily disturbs industrial life, interrupts quiet economic development, brings widespread misery with it, and emphasizes the primitive brutality of man. It is therefore

Sustainable Cities and Regions Network †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Cities and Regions Network. Answer: Introduction The question relating to the crucial role of third party notice rights and review have been one of the contemporary issues forming the contemporary debates in the urban planning an policies over years. In most of the jurisdictions in Victoria demands for maximum public participations have influenced the planning process through a widening appeals made in the courts of law to allow third party appeals. Even though the third party notice rights and review is crucial many countries has not fully adopted the application of policy. The content of this paper also forms part of the debate trying to validate Third party notice and review rights serve a crucial role in preserving the fairness and inclusiveness of the Victorian planning system, and this outweighs the problems that they cause. Third party notice and review rights serve a crucial role in preserving the fairness and inclusiveness of the Victorian planning system, and this outweighs the problems that they cause. The above statement according my best understanding of the planning scheme is valid. This is because the development is not and should not only be the end product but must also be fair throughout the whole process. Third party notice and review rights are to best of my knowledge serve a crucial role in presenting the fairness and inclusiveness of the Victorian planning system compared to the problems which sometimes comes with the appeals confirmed (Local Government Association of South Australia 2014). The third party notice and rights review provides the members of the public with an opportunity to offer their ideas to development planning leading to citizen satisfaction. Moreover, the landowners in most of the occasions have a very crucial and legitimate interest on the whether any development should occur and the type of development that should be settled on by the government. This is because any new venture or development project has effects to the general neighborhood character , the available amenities, infrastructural and property values (Cook et.al 2012). The interest of the landowners in such situations are based on the non-pecuniary effects but in the most cases have proved to be important as pecuniary issues. The development process should be equitable and where the participants in the process have the rights to appeal, the third party notice and review rights should also be seen as important (Cook et.al 2012). The third party notice and review rights is important as it makes the community a key stakeholder in development planning and without the third party notice and review right the general community is eliminated as a stakeholder in the planning and development process. The benefits which comes with the third party notice and rights review results to a better planning decisions. Even though in most of the cases objectors do not completely win in overturning the decision of the Australian council in the favor of the development process, but more of the half of the issues raised by the objectors are successfully addressed adding weight to the development confirmed (Local Government Association of South Australia 2014). Third party appeals therefore do enable development proposals to be critically evaluated in more detailed form leading to refinement of the system of planning even though this comes at a cost. Further, the application of the third party notice and rights review afford the broader base input by increasing the debate and the capability for the local knowledge to inform the planning approvals which leads to improved development outcomes. The application of third party notice and review rights in Victorian development system discourages corruption within the system. When the government is left alone in making decision related to planning and development of Victoria, collusive behavior have been witnessed but this is pointless with the application of third party notice and review rights as it allows the citizen to make an appeal the council (Ellis 2006). In relation to the corruption the third party enhances transparency in the general process of development as it enables members of the community and property owners to check development decisions through and independent review bodies. This scares away corrupt individuals who in most of the time do shoddy development projects by making every key stakeholder in a development project accountable. This also improves the quality of projects done in Victoria. Another important aspect of the third party is its ability to improve consultations during planning and execution of various development projects in Victoria. The third party notice and review rights encourage parties responsible for a given development project to deal with the members of the local community in a more engaging manner (Ellis 2006). This improved engagement puts pressure on the developers to concede and improve the architectural or the design elements of the project where appropriate and reasonably applicable. Even though third party notice and review rights have several advantages which outweighs its effects to the planning system in Victoria. The application of the third party and review rights have also some disadvantages which should also be looked into prior to the application. The application of the third party appeals in the development process is quite challenging and many arguments have been raised against its use (Cook et.al 2012). The use of appeal right in planning legislations are several but the benefits of the third party notice and review rights outweigh them. The consideration of third party notice and review rights in the planning legislations adds a significant delays in the Victorian planning system. The delay comes as the members of the public have to be consulted prior to the commencement of any new development project and objectors makes appeals which also takes time to be heard by the jurisdiction and making of judgment. The third party appeals also adds cost of a n ew project in Victoria as review parties have to be assigned and the evaluation of project planning also needs money to be properly done (Ellis 2006). Moreover, third party notice and review rights creates a meddlers charters as well as open floodgate to non-interested parties. The application of the third party notice cab also be a deterrent to economic development through investments in Victorian local economy. This is because the third party notice and review rights allow the local community to make decisions in relation to new projects which may also be crucial to the economy (Hurl et.al 2011). The whole process and jurisdictions may scare away foreign investors who may be interested in venturing into business in Victoria. Another argument against third party notice and review is that it provides an opportunity for a well-heeled vocal minority and reduces the representatives power and this allows the local community to dominate. A part from the above disadvantages, consideration of third party in the system planning exacerbate issues which in most of time are related social exclusion as well as massive social disadvantages. It also reinforces and adversarial approach to development projects and lastly weakens the representative nature of the local decision making and democracy. In addition to the problems which comes with the consideration of third party notice and review rights, the time of considering the appeals on development proposals may sometimes be unnecessary since the community members is believed to have had an opportunity to add their concerns as input to the project (Hurley, Cook and Taylor 2013). To some individuals the third party is waste of time and a delay to development to development projects as it is clear that members of local community had their time to determine the appropriate forms of developments within their local areas during the consultations while coming up with town planning scheme or town development planning. In my view most the above disadvantages may not all be true, it is clear that the third party notice and review rights have some challenges but most of them may be omitted. In relation to cost as problem of the third party appeals, it is true that third party will a cost of the project. It is also valid that third party will course delays in the commencement of a new development project in situations where the development approval has been confirmed (Local Government Association of South Australia 2014). However, with valid evidence the consideration of third party notice and review rights do not open any floodgates, the third party notice and review rights also have no effect on the project and cannot deter projects which comply to the planning scheme as well as with limited effect to the environment and the neighbors. Conclusion As much as such disadvantages have been brought into light by various scholar and experts, the application of the third party notice and review rights in inclusive system of planning in Victoria is still crucial. The benefits as discussed above absolutely outweighs the disadvantages of the third party notice and review rights. Development projects and developers should only consider the outcome of any new project but should also consider the effect of the same project to the local people in Victoria. The most important part of the third party notice and review is its ability to positively influence system of planning thereby leading to perfectly evaluated and perfect development projects which satisfies the local community. In conclusion the statement Third party notice and review rights serve a crucial role in preserving the fairness and inclusiveness of the Victorian planning system, and this outweighs the problems that they cause is valid based on the above justification in the co ntent. References Cook, N. Taylor, E. Hurley, J. and Colic-Peisker, V. 2012, 'Resident third party objections and appeals against planning applications: implications for higher density and social housing - AHURI Final Report No. 197', in AHURI Final Report Series, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, vol. 197, pp. 1 -98, ISSN: 1834-7223. Ellis, Geraint 2006. Third party appeals: Pragmatism and principle. Planning Theory and Practice 7.3: pp. 330-339. Hurley, J. Taylor, E. Cook, N. and Colic-Peisker, V. 2011 , In the fast lane: Bypassing third party objections and appeals in third party planning process, in State of Australian Cities National Conference 2011, Australian Sustainable Cities and Regions Network (ASCRN), Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1 -10. Hurley, J, Cook, N and Taylor, E 2013, 'Examining three planning pathways in the mediation of resident opposition to compact city', in Nicole Gurran and Bill Randolph (ed.) Proceedings of the State of Australian Cities National Conference 2013, Sydney, Australia, 26 - 29 November 2013, pp. 1 -12. Local Government Association of South Australia, 2014, Planning and Appeals Review Planning Reform Issues Paper

25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)

25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be) 25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be) 25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be) By Mark Nichol Many Russian words have been appropriated by the English language. Some, like mammoth and sable, are easily assumed to be from a more closely related language. Others were originally specific to Russian culture but can be applied to analogous Western concepts, such as a reference to an American politician retreating from Washington, DC, to his dacha, or to a comment about a troika of conspirators. Here is a list of well-known Russian words and their original meanings and later connotations, if any. Below that you’ll find another set, that one consisting of words known to few, if any, speakers of English who are not bilingual in Russian or familiar with Russian culture. The latter list is ripe for exploitation in English. (Try referring, for example, to an elite cohort as the nomenklatura or to a petty bureaucrat as a namestnik.) Either list can be mined for analogous meanings. Some require no annotation, while others should be introduced carefully in context or even glossed; which approach to take depends on the content and its audience. Familiar Russian Words (Absorbed into English) 1. Agitprop: artistic political propaganda, from a truncated form of the Russian forms of the words agitation and propaganda 2. Apparatchik: a Communist Party member and/or functionary, from the Russian form of the word apparatus 3. Babushka: in Russian, â€Å"old woman†; in English, a type of scarf commonly worn by babushkas 4. Beluga: a type of whale or sturgeon 5. Bolshevik: a revolutionary or radical, from name of the majority Communist faction in Tsarist Russia, ultimately from the Russian word for â€Å"majority† 6. Commissar: an official 7. Cossack: a Russian ethnic group associated in popular culture with military prowess and a nomadic society; the name, like the ethnic appellation Kazakh, derives from the Turkish word for â€Å"nomad† 8. Dacha: a country house 9. Duma: a legislative body 10. Glasnost: a policy of political openness and transparency, from the Russian word for â€Å"publicity† 11. Gulag: originally an acronym for a Soviet-era system of forced-labor camps; it now can refer to any repressive or coercive environment or situation 12. Intelligentsia: the intellectual elite of a society, from the English word intelligent 13. Kopeck: a Russian coin 14. Mammoth: a prehistoric mammal, and, by extension, a synonym for massive 15. Menshevik: the name of the minority Communist faction in Tsarist Russia, originally in power briefly after the Russian Revolution but defeated by the Bolsheviks 16. Perestroika: the Soviet-era system of reform, from the Russian word for â€Å"restructuring† 17. Pogrom: originally, violent persecution of Jews in Russia; now, any officially sanctioned attack on a particular group 18. Politburo: the Soviet-era primary source of government policy decisions, a truncation of the Russian forms of the words political and bureau 19. Ruble: the basic unit of Russian currency 20. Sable: a mammal related to the weasel whose sleek black coat was long prized as a clothing material, and, by extension, a synonym for black 21. Samizdat: prohibited literature produced clandestinely 22. Samovar: an urn for heating tea 23. Sputnik: a traveling companion; also, the name given to a series of Soviet-era satellites, the first objects launched into space 24. Taiga: the far northern coniferous forests of both Asia and North America, from a Turkish or Mongolian word 25. Troika: a carriage or sleigh pulled by three horses, or a triumvirate (a ruling or administrative trio) Unfamiliar Russian Words (Not Yet Absorbed into English) 26. Druzhina: a unit of bodyguards and elite troops 27. Glavlit: the Soviet-era government censorship agency 28. Izba: a log house 29. Knout: a whip used in punishment 30. Konyushy: an official responsible for horses used in ceremonies 31. Kulak: a well-off farmer 32. Lishenets: a disenfranchised group 33. Matryoshka: a set of Russian nesting dolls 34. Muzhik: a peasant 35. Namestnik: an administrator (from the Russian word for â€Å"deputy†) 36. Narkompros: a Soviet-era agency responsible for education and culture, later called the Ministry of Enlightening 37. Nomenklatura: the Soviet elite, holding prestigious government and industrial posts (from the Latin term nomenclature, â€Å"list of names†) 38. Okhrana: the Tsarist secret police 39: Oprichnik: Ivan the Terrible’s brutal bodyguards and henchmen 40. Prikaz: originally, a bureaucratic position; later, an administrative directive 41. Propiska: a Tsarist regulation requiring subjects to remain in their hometown 42. Rasputitsa: spring and fall periods in which, because of heavy snow or rain, unpaved roads are impassable (possibly related to the name of Rasputin) 43. Sambo: a form of martial arts 44. Silovik: the elite 45. Spetsnaz: special-forces soldiers 46. Tamizdat: prohibited literature produced outside the country 47. Tovarishch: a companion or fellow traveler; used as a direct form of address in the Soviet Union, equivalent to comrade 48. Ukase: a decree; refers specifically to a government proclamation or generically to an arbitrary command 49. Ushanka: a fur cap with ear flaps 50. Zek: an inmate Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Running Amok or Running Amuck?How Long Should a Synopsis Be?

How Does Poverty Affect Worldwide Development Essay Essays

How Does Poverty Affect Worldwide Development Essay Essays How Does Poverty Affect Worldwide Development Essay Essay How Does Poverty Affect Worldwide Development Essay Essay How does poverty impact worldwide development and the usage of the Millennium Development Goals? The Millennium Development Goals ( MDG’s ) are a group of ends created by the U. N. set to be achieved globally by 2015. There are eight different ends runing from Gender Equality to Environmental Sustainability. The first end is ‘To eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger’ and more specifically. Halve. between 1990 and 2015. the proportion of people whose income is less than $ 1 a twenty-four hours. By 2005. the planetary poorness rate declined from 46 % in 1990 to 27 % . Besides. the figure of people in developing parts populating on less than $ 1. 25 ( US ) a twenty-four hours declined from 1. 8 billion in 1990 to 1. 4 billion in 2005. This was really encouraging to the U. N. but so. the fiscal crisis hit. The economic crises sparked big diminutions in exports and slowed trade worldwide. Thankfully. the overall poorness rate is still expected to fall to 15 per cent by 2015. This translates into around 920 million people populating under the poorness line which is half the figure in 1990. –Singapore Singapore is most surely a developed state as it has a flourishing economic system and has completed every MDG. When the Millennium Development Goals were created in 2000. Singapore was already a really developed state and one of the biggest powers in Asia. One of Singapore’s chief trades is touristry. and in 2010. Singapore welcomed 11. 6 million visitants. which generated 18. 8 billion dollars. In the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report released by the World Economic Forum. Singapore emerged top in the Asia-Pacific part. and was ranked tenth out of 139 universe economic systems for fight of the touristry sector. This merely goes to demo that Singapore is a cardinal participant in the universe touristry sector and is up the top with Switzerland. Germany. France and Canada. There is really small informations about poorness in Singapore as it can merely be found in a little figure of instances instead than 10s of 1000s of people. That being said. Singapore does hold many hapless and stateless people. Sadly. they are normally the aged seeking to look after themselves by busking or selling points off the streets. The Singapore authorities has implemented different action programs to counter this job and has public assistance plans that can assist people in despairing demand. Presently nevertheless. there are merely 3000 households qualify. The mean household income was at S $ 7. 214 in 2010. which is more than plenty for a household to afford basic necessities. However this information may non be accurate at stand foring the state of affairs. The figure may hold been lifted significantly by the affluent locals and exiles populating here. What this does is cover the fact that there may be households populating on much less that stated. –Cambodia Cambodia is recognised as a underdeveloped state and needs aid in finishing MDG figure 1. Cambodia has a deficiency of natural resources and a crude industrial base doing agribusiness to be a cardinal portion in its economic system. Rice provides the basic diet and was Cambodia’s major export before 1970. Cambodia’s current GDP is $ 30. 13 Billion U. S and the mean income is $ 2000 U. S. This statement does non make the state of affairs in Cambodia any justness. The people of Cambodia ( normally in rural countries ) suffer from 31 % of the population being under the poorness line. This means that they live on less than $ 1. 25 U. S a twenty-four hours. From 2003. when the Government of Cambodia commenced the MDG’s. Cambodia has made good advancement in some ends and really limited in others. While there has been a important betterment in poorness rates in urban countries. the rates are still really high in rural countries. Implementing MDG figure 1 would greatly better the lives of the Cambodians. In 1990. it is estimated that 29 % of Cambodia was below the ‘Dollar a Day’ rate before falling to 19 % in 2004. Poverty has stalled the development of Cambodia as the precedence of the authorities is focused on the people in poorness. To finish the MDG’s particularly end figure 1. would be really good for the Cambodians as the authorities could concentrate on developing the different trades and work on making a safer. sustainable and productive hereafter. Comparison Singapore and Cambodia are both located in South East Asia. but there are some major differences between them. For illustration. Singapore has completed all of the 8 development ends. while Cambodia has merely completed merely one to day of the month. Singapore’s G. D. P is $ 292. 4 ( US ) Billion compared to Cambodia’s $ 30. 13 Billion ( US ) . Singapore is ranked 41st for G. D. P in the universe compared to Cambodia at 108th. In the Human Development Index. Singapore is ranked twenty-seventh compared to Cambodia’s 124th. The Human Development Index ( HDI ) is a comparative step of life anticipation. literacy. instruction and criterions of life for states worldwide. There are many different methods of comparing the two states and in about all of them. Singapore and the other developed states will be higher ranked. That is why we must globally concentrate on assisting the development states and the Millennium Development Goals are a great system for placing and work outing the issues that are faced. How we can assist Poverty and Hunger can do big jobs in development and they need to near globally. This does non intend though. that the lone people that can assist are authoritiess. charities and big corporations. No. persons are able to assist in many ways. From simple things like donating money to a charity or raising consciousness to forming a full blown fund-raising event. Every idea and contribution counts. Due to technological progresss and increased popularity of societal webs in recent old ages. a new window of chance for consciousness and contribution has been created. Facebook is an illustration. Presently. the web site can tout the figure of ranks is over 1 billion users. This is a monolithic mark audience and provides easy methods of consciousness. Simple thoughts such as making a group or a page supplying information and consciousness on a chosen M. D. G or charity. so ask foring your friends who so pass it on. Another interesting web site is http: //www. freerice. com/ . This website gives the user inquiries on a assortment of subjects and provinces that they will donate 10 grains of rice to the World Food Program whenever you answer the inquiry right. This is possible through the usage of patrons on the page. This is a great thought and it allows users to hold a sense of physically

Critical issue in global health ( Mental Health in the People's Essay

Critical issue in global health ( Mental Health in the People's Republic of China ) - Essay Example Phillips noted the recent developments in mental health policy as a step in the right direction. Under pressure from the international community and a growing awareness of the benefits of healthy population, the government is reportedly investing heavily on public health measures such as in mental health. However, the speaker pointed out that there are still much to be done and improved on. There is the case of the vulnerabilities in the National Mental Health Law and the need for more experts and talents to fill the gap in the area of research and mental health treatment. According to Phillips, it is important for the world to be aware of the state of mental health in China because there are several critical differences. He cited the case of suicide as an example. He found that in China, suicide is impulsive rather than premeditated and this is the reason why many suicide cases were diagnosed to be free of mental illness. This along with several other issues, concluded, Phillips is the reason why high-income countries could also learn something from China. Phillips, M. (22 October 2013). Mental Health in the China People’s Republic of China: An Epidemiological Journey. [Video file]. Retrieved from

Economic history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic history - Assignment Example The insatiable quest for many profits necessitated the involvement of many workers and extensive labor division. Meaning that employees could work in different locations, anonymous to each other, with the aim of producing various parts for the same commodity. This led to each producer developing a sense of isolation and loneliness, which in the end translated to producers emerging as egoistic. This state of egoism led to a natural state of war with each fighting solely against a myriad others. However, this state of war could only be controlled if there were a central party which every producer would submit to and in turn gain protection from the rest producers. This was explained by Hobbes in his writing where he stressed that it was only after submission to an absolute monarch that individuals would escape the conflict existing among them. Economic specialization, on the other hand, explained the co-existence of different producers in the market system to help each other survive. There was complete dependence on each other for successful functioning of the market. Economic specialization was important as it provided for a relatively free functioning market where producers assisted each other produce and in turn benefit (Hunt 128). Labor and economic specialization contradict each other in that for the former, producers worked in isolation that prompted a feeling of competition among each other. For the latter, however, producers work to benefit each other. There is no single producer that can exist without the other. In conclusion, human beings have a desire to achieve pleasure but avoid pain with his nature being competitive and egoistic. Specialization of labor is meant to maximize profits and speed up production in any market system. When producers are left to work independent, there is the development of an

Indian Culture and American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Indian Culture and American Culture - Essay Example It is only when we understand the differences and similarities between the cultures of the two nations; we can better understand why people behave as they normally do. In the below paragraphs, the essay tries to examine the contrasts and similarities People respond to colors in different ways and this greatly has to do with the cultural backgrounds they are from. In the American culture, black signifies death and mourning. Worn mainly due to the weather conditions, it also refers to formality and sophistication that reflects in dressing. However in the Indian culture, black signifies mourning, evil influences and penance. In certain cultures, completely black attires are worn by men for a chosen number of days in form of penance. White in the US signifies purity and life. However in India, the meanings are contradictory and white suggests peace, marriage and mourning all at once. In Southern part of India, women wear traditional white saris on the day of the wedding. In times of someone's death, white is also seen to be worn by widows. Blue color refers to trust and stability in American culture while in India it refers to calmness. Besides individual colors, combinations also have diverse meanings in the two religions. Red, white and blue remind Americans of the native flag and convey patriotism while in India the same patriotism comes through saffron, white and green (colors of the Indian national flag). The colors red and green represent prosperity and marriage in India and refer to Christmas in America. Red and yellow are considered auspicious in India as they represent kumkum2 and turmeric, two ingredients imperative for every Indian wedding. However in America, colors of red, orange and yellow signify warmth and thanksgiving. Religions The freedom of religion is seen to be prevalent and a common point between the diverse cultures of India and America. In India, the major religious communities include Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and Parsis. Among all religions, Hinduism is most prevalent as the 'religion of India' (Ellwood, 1992) with its origin dating to over 4000 years ago. Over 672.6 million people in India are Hindus and they believe in 330 million different Gods, Goddesses and incarnations. Thousands of beautiful temples have been constructed for these Gods and each day of the week is dedicated to a special God. Mosques, churches and gurudwaras (holy places for Sikhs) coexist in all cities and people from different religions go to their respective places of worship. In India religion plays an important role for many people in taking decisions about their personal lives, professional lives, and even food habits. For example, in many parts of South India, families do not eat onion and gar lic, as their religion dominates so. While in certain fasts certain food items and vegetables are avoided, there are various seasons where certain food items are considered to be good for consumption. Yagnas3 are a popular means to appease the Gods and are conducted for varied purposes like for getting rain during drought, attaining prosperity or for winning a cricket match. While no specific religion is imposed on people, many follow the religion of their forefathers. In many cases people are seen to convert to another religion (usually from Hinduism to

Impact and Solutions to the Global Elderly Workforce

Impact and Solutions to the Global Elderly Workforce Summary With today’s advanced medical technology, the life expectancy rate is higher than ever. Life expectancy would increase if the retirement age is fixed at the current age. In effect, there will be more people living on pension while there will be less workforce to offset the difference in income tax which increases the dependency ratio. Increased government spending on pensions and healthcare will result into debt. Higher tax rates will lose potential investors and discourage workforce productivity which leads to the decline in economic growth. Also, the shortage of workers will increase wages which will cause wage inflation. However, businesses linked to elderly such as retirement homes will see an increase of profits. On the other hand, one solution could be the increase of retirement age. Also, incentives such as lower tax rates on late retirement could be implemented. Discussion Higher income tax rates are required due to the increasing elderly population and shrinking workforce. If income tax rates don’t rise, the government will result in debt due to increased spending on pensions and healthcare. This means the dependency ratio is raised. However, high tax rates will discourage international investors and decrease workforce productivity which will decline economic growth. The shirking workforce will drive wages up which will lead to wage inflation. This will affect the country’s GDP. On the other hand, industries related to the elderly such as retirement homes and healthcare will see an increase in business. The proposed increase in retirement age could lead to lower life expectancy and higher workforce. However, this will contribute to skilled Summary Japan is suffering from the problem with an aging population due to low fertility rate and good healthcare. Low fertility rate is due to late marriages as more people are focusing on their careers. It is projected by 2060, 60% of Japan’s population will be elderly people. Also, the demand for health care and pension are expected to increase which means that tax rates must also be increased. According to a demographic expert, the current pension and social security programs in Japan are not designed to meet ends with an aging population. The government has combated this situation by allowing more immigrants to work in Japan for jobs required for the aging population such as in healthcare. Japan’s consumer spending GDP has also been stagnant for the past few months. Discussion I believe the reason for the stagnant consumer spending is because of the elderly as they don’t often shop. As a result, decreased spending will affect’s Japan’s GDP. This will also contribute to long term recessions as most of the money is stagnant in retirement funds. Also, the increased demand for healthcare and pension will cause Japan to increase in spending which will lower Japan’s GDP. To combat Japan’s flawed retirement funds, local 3rd party investment funds such as mutual and bonds should enter the market. These funds could be used to establish better healthcare facilities that are in need by the rising elderly population. The increase of skilled immigrants will keep the aging population down and maintain needs but it could also mean that Japan’s money is going out of the country. This could contribute to a deficit in Japan’s workforce trade. However, Japan could set up trade agreements such as workforce exchange for technolo gy with other countries to maintain a healthy GDP. Summary As a result of increasing elderly population, Japan is set to decline from the world’s 2nd largest economy in place for China. Since 2010, Japan’s workforce will decline 1% for the next 30years. The national debt in Japan is already 200% of GDP as of 2004 and is projected to rise. European countries such as Italy (1.1birthrate), Bulgaria (1.2birthrate), Russia and Germany (1.35birthrate) are suffering from low fertility rates. It’s predicted that the economic will shift from elder countries to emerging countries such as India and China. Discussion As a result of Japan’s declining workforce, the GDP is set to drop and the country’s debt will increase. The increasing debt will even worse in the future because of the decreased workforce income tax. This will cause long term recessions. The problem of the elderly is also suffered by developed countries typically in Europe. This is due to the well-established healthcare and economic systems. This problem will contribute to the shrinkage of their economies. This will result in the economic growth shift to developing countries such as India and China. Unlike Japan and Europe, China is overpopulated. To combat the future elderly problem, China has acted by controlling birth rates in order to prevent overpopulation. Summary Canada’s healthcare expenditure has been substantially increasing. By 2020, it’s projected to cost CAD147billion which is an 83% increase from year 2000. As a result, Canada is one of the top spenders for healthcare on GDP. The majority of the spenders are the elderly. Due to the high demand of healthcare, Canada is currently facing a shortage of medical workers. It is also expected that Canada will have a shortage in other skilled workers. By 2050, it is predicted that the dependency ratio will increase to 4.4 workers for every 10 workers. Canadians are also investing more in risky investments such as stocks and mutual funds compared to 20 years ago. On the other hand, when baby boomers withdraw their pension funds, tax will be generated in the progress. Discussion The increasing dependency ratio will be a complete burden to Canada’s workforce, debt and GDP. To decrease the ratio, healthcare benefits should be reduced. This could allow the privatization of healthcare services which will generate income tax. However, there will be serious negative social outcomes. Canada’s tax rates should be revised to compensate for the increased demand to prevent debt. In addition, the retirement fund programs should also be reviewed. To combat the lack of skilled workforce, Canada could loosen immigration laws or restrict early retirement age. On the other hand, the predicted tax generated from pension funds withdrawal could partially compensate for the increased expenditures. The decrease of younger population will be beneficial as expenditures on education will be reduced. Furthermore, the increase spending in retirement associated items such as retirement homes could generate more tax. In the long run, Canada could increase funding on medica l advances to allow for cheaper and more sustainable healthcare alternatives. Also, the public should also be continually encouraged to invest in privately owned funds. Summary Europe and other developing countries are suffering for unanticipated changes in fertility rates and aging issues. As a result, the workforce has been decreased and is burdened with higher age dependency ratios. In effect, higher tax rates are required to sustain the increased demand. Predictions suggest living standards per capita in Japan, US and Europe will be on a decline over the next 50 years. Europe would suffer a 20% increase GDP debt in the next 50 years while Japan and US would suffer from 21.5% and 10%. It is also expected that workforce productivity rates will decline. Discussion Generally, developed countries have higher elderly population as their healthcare systems have been established. Also, the lower fertility rates could be blamed on education as people are putting off marriages to a later age due to further studies. Another reason is the increased youth dependency ratio. Compared with 3rd world and certain developing countries, it is not sensible to reproduce as children are a liability instead of an asset. For example, children can be used as labor in farms while in developed countries, sending them to school requires cost and time. Also, many couples put off having children because of their demanding career. However, because of this short term microeconomics demands, the long term microeconomics will suffer. Developed countries debt rate are projected to rise, and workforce and productivity rates are set to decrease due to the decrease of income tax. To combat the low workforce rates, countries should invest in technology to increase work efficiency . This will also control wage inflation. Also, countries could encourage immigration to balance out the elderly. Summary To combat the issue of rising elderly population and low fertility rates, France has acted by increasing children incentives. This policy was launched in the 70s and also aims to keep more women in work. As a result, France has succeeded to be Europe’s 2nd highest fertility rate with 1.9children per woman compared to Ireland’s 1.4. Also, France has Europe’s highest female employment rate. Incentives include 3 year paid parental leave, free full time preschool, subsidized day care, fixed wage for nannies, and monthly childcare allowances. In addition, middle class mothers could receive up to 1000 Euros for having a third child. That’s almost like the minimum wage of 1200 Euros. This incentive policy is also seen in other European countries such as Germany cand UK but it’s not as beneficial as France’s. In the future, France plans to increase the grants to keep the birth and women employment rates healthy. Discussion Due to France’s low population rate, an incentive policy to keep fertility rates up is worth the high cost of expenditures. The costly benefits offered to women who work and reproduce is worth it as it keeps the workforce healthy and growing. As a result of increased income, the country’s GDP growth rate would increase as more people are spending their money. That will lead to decreased country debt which means tax rates could be lower. Once the tax rates are lower, local and international investments will bloom which increases a country’s GDP. Also, the extra money could be used to invest that will potentially improve a country’s production cost and productivity efficiency. However, this is only sensible as a long term investment as if it is short termed, the country’s GDP would be greatly affected. France’s plan should be replicated in other underpopulated developing countries to prevent the grey problem. Summary Projection data says that ageing population in Australia is set to double in 40 years. Average work force age is expected to decline. The problems are blamed on low birth rates that unable to sustain the replacement rate. It is also blamed on longer life expectancy. Australia has addressed this issue by creating a program for young skilled immigrants to enter the country. This will relive with the growth of the workforce and the workforce’s skill and productivity levels. However, this is not a viable solution as the immigrants will also age in the future which will force Australia to allow more immigrants in yearly to balance the deficit. Discussion This inevitable issue of the grey population is affecting most industrialized countries. Apart from the decrease in workforce members and productivity and skill levels, low birth rates are unable to sustain the replacement rate. This would result into the drop of Australia’s economy and wage inflation which could drive off potential global investors. Even worse, the wage in Australia is already higher than other countries. The effects of wage inflation are already seen with major automobile companies such as Ford moving away from local manufacturing to other developing countries such as Thailand. Again, the solution of young skilled immigration workforce would not be viable as it’s a short term solution. To truly solve this unprecedented issue, Australia should follow France’s footsteps of providing with children benefits. Summary The rising rate of the greying population in emerging countries are posing a problem as they are getting old before they get rich. It has created problems such as pension plans that are turning non-sustainable. In addition, developing countries tend to suffer more due to the majority in informal labour sector that salaries do not contribute to the country’s pension plans. In a life cycle’s perspective, the economic needs and income making vary over the course of life. Due to the increasing greying population, the elderly consumes more savings than generated during youth. This is critical as the country will result in slower growth compared to a country with more working youth people. This will also result into debt. Discussion Again, increasing woman’s participation in workforce by providing flexible working hours or government funded day care could increase workforce participation. Also, the government can reduce citizen’s benefits or increase the tax to save costs. In contrast, a country without debt will likely experience reduced tax and more growth as it encourages business to invest. Thus, investments in technology will increase efficiency on the country’s production possibilities frontier. Also, it will increase competition which is beneficial for the GDP growth. However, problems related to less income generated from the youth than used by the elderly could pose a serious problem. This will directly result in debt and could possibly start a long and painful recession. To only solution is to generate increased revenue. However, I believe developing countries that do not have established pension plans might not suffer as much as developed countries with high return pensions. Altho ugh we cannot learn about this problem from the past, we still can make long term decisions that will save us from unexpected economy situations in the future.

Accepting the Extraordinary in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

My life, although not without surprises and unusual events, is dictated by predictable and ordinary elements. However, through fiction I am transported into a world of boundless imagination and extraordinary themes. One such example is evident in my response to Mary Shelley’s gothic novel Frankenstein. Through fiction, Shelley invites the reader to accept the extraordinary. Firstly, we are led to believe that Victor Frankenstein is able to create life by shocking it with electricity, and to this I responded with an imaginative curiosity. But it was the consequences of the creation provoked a stronger response from me. The element of horror Victor experiences and his reaction to the ‘god like’ qualities bestowed upon him as creator is truly extraordinary. Victor, like no other man, experiences the feeling of immense power and responsibility as creator of man, and this provoked a sympathetic response from me. Finally I also accepted and responded to the extraordinar y concept of the monster, who, unlike to the majority of humanity, is created without a sense of cultural identity. Additionally, what is extraordinary to me as a reader is the humanity and intelligence the monster displays, despite the disadvantageous of his creation. This made me have sympathy for monster and served to blotch the credibility of Victor. Throughout the novel I was inclined to accept Shelley’s invitation and to explore a deeper view of humanity. The most apparent extraordinary element in Frankenstein is the concept of galvanic creation. Shelley invites us to believe that Victor can bestow life to the inanimate monster. This achieved by stressing the power and enticement (None but those who have experienced them can conceive of the enticement of science... ...ng the extraordinary I responded in favour of the monster and in disfavour of Victor. In her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley invites us as readers to accept the extraordinary. In accepting this invitation my response to the major characters in the novel, Victor and the monster, changed noticeably. Firstly I responded in favor of Victor, due to the extraordinary position he finds himself in as creator of man. But as the novel progressed I was invited to accept the extraordinary humanity of the monster, and this provoked a sympathetic response from me. We as readers are positioned to accept the elements of Frankenstein that are out of the ordinary because Shelley encourages an imaginative response from us. Throughout my reading my imagination was the dictum that influenced my response. By accepting the extraordinary I am able to explore a deeper view of humanity.

Understanding the Patient Intake Process – Essay

Although, there are ways to make it easier for both the patient and the medical billing specialist and that is to use online registration. However, let us discuss the current process first. Although, the actual process may vary from practice to practice, the main objective behind the process is to obtain Information from new and established patients while he/she Is checking In at the practitioner's office, the hospital, or health clinic. Patient flow can be maintained if the medical practice implements an effective intake process.The intake process is just as important in serving satisfied customers as how he/she are treated during the process, time waiting in the waiting room to be taken back to the exam room, and time spent with the physician. If any of the processes are caking in organization, there will be unsatisfied customers, or patients, which, in turn, leads to less customers, or patients, that the physician administers treatment to. The process begins before the patient eve r steps foot inside the practitioners office.As soon as the patient calls the office to make an appointment the intake process begins because when a patient calls to make an appointment, the individual in charge of scheduling usually gathers the person's full name, telephone number, address, date of birth, gender, reason for the appointment, the name of the health Lana (If the patient has knob and the name of the referring physician (If the patient Is referred) (Valueless, Bases, Newbie, & Gaggers, Chapter 3-Patient Encounters and Billing Information, 2008).Then the office employee schedules the patient for the appropriate amount of time according to the reason for the visit. When the patient comes into the office the day of the appointment, if he/she is a new patient, he/she must come in early to fill out paperwork.One way that this can be made easier for patients, as well as medical staff, is for the medical practice to have online registration available to the patients. Online re gistration is a tool used by medical facilities to allow patients to register his/her billing and medical information before coming into the office for the first time. Because the patients are responsible for filling out the registration, there are fewer errors and less work for he staff member responsible for putting the information into the computer program. Furthermore, the patients look at it as a convenience (Sporran Solutions, 2011). Patients view this as a convenience because it enables him/her to fill out their information on his/her own time- at any time day or night.So, instead of having to fill out the information when he/she arrives at the office, he/she can fill it out beforehand and have less time spent in the waiting room (Sporran Solutions, 2011). Online registration also enables medical staff to receive and chart information more accurately and efficiently. So how does it work? When the patient calls to make his/ her first appointment the staff member that he/she is talking to tells him/her that they are able to register online before their first appointment (Sporran Solutions, 2011). The patient fills out the information and once it is completed the staff member can put it into the system, print it, and prepare the patient chart before the visit; physician reviews medical history more quickly (Sporran Solutions, 2011).

Are You Better at the ACT or SAT Find Out For Sure!

Are You Better at the ACT or SAT Find Out For Sure! SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Because colleges accept both the ACT and SAT, it can be had to figure out which test to take. The changes to the SAT in 2016 made the two tests more similar than ever, although there are still some significant differences in content and format between the two tests. So how can you tell if you'll do better on the SAT or ACT? Drawing on my experience as a 99 percentile scorer on both the SAT and ACT, I'll give you a surefire way to figure out which test will result in the best outcome for you. The Gold Standard of Deciding Between the ACT and SAT There are enough differences between the ACT and the SAT that, empirically, it is difficult to predict beforehand if you'll be better at one than the other. The method I'm going to describe is the best way to be sure of seeing how you'll do on the SAT or ACT. You can use this information in many ways: to figure out what test to study, to see which scholarships you should apply to, and so forth. Once you've used this method, you don't have to guess. What's the method? It's to take both a real practice SAT and a real practice ACT. Who Should Use This Method? Taking practice tests is called the gold standard for a reason - it gives super precise information about which test you'll perform better on. However, taking two full-length practice tests is also time consuming. You should definitely use this method if one of the following applies to you: #1: You're Studying for 40+ Hours If you're going to focus on studying seriously, especially for more than 40 hours, it make sense to make sure you're spending it studying for the right test. Conversely, if you have fewer than 40 hours left (for example, only 20 hours), you should probably not spend 8 hours figuring out what test to take. #2: You're Willing to Invest Time and Energy in Studying If you care about your scores and are generally willing to invest the effort to get the best score, then taking a realistic practice SAT and a realistic practice ACT is a must. This method is not only good for telling if you're better at the ACT or SAT, but is also good practice in and of itself. If you're serious about the SAT or ACT, it would be a mistake not to do this. How Do I Find Out Whether I'm Better at the ACT or SAT? Step 1: Take a Full Practice SAT and a Full Practice ACT Get a real ACT practice test and a real SAT practice test (you can click on the links to get three of each for free). Make sure to choose one that you have not already used. Also, ideally, you should create a realistic testing environment with a timer, calculator, watch, and a quiet room. Now schedule four hours on two separate days to take the practice tests. You want to take them on separate days so that you're not more rested for one than the other. Most important of all, make sure your testing environment is similar on both days. The comparisons will not be valid if you take one at 10AM in a quiet library with plenty of sleep, and another at 8PM in a noisy house after eating a heavy meal. Step 2: Convert Your ACT Score to an SAT Score Now that you have both scores, use our ACT to SAT score conversion tools and tables to convert your ACT score to its SAT equivalent. Example: Mary got a 29 on her practice ACT. She uses the table linked above to convert this to1340. Mary got a 1200 out of 1600 on her SAT. Step 3: Compare Your Scores and Make the Call If your score difference ismore than 100 pointsin either direction, then you have a clear winner. You have done substantially better on one test than the other. You know which one you are better at! Moreover, a 100-point difference is substantial, and colleges will reward you for the better score. Continuing from the example above, Mary's ACT score is equivalent to a 1340 SAT score, while her SAT score is 1200. This means her ACT score is 140 points better than her SAT. She is definitely better at the ACT. If your score difference isless than 100 points, then you don't have a natural disadvantage on either test. The point difference is likely due to chance, and you could study for and score equally well on either test. Now you know how to precisely figure out whether you are better at the SAT or ACT! What’s Next? Get free offical practice SATs and official practice ACTs from us. Download and save them now and use them whenever! Don't have time to use the gold standard? Use our quick method to find out if you're better at the SAT or ACT. Read about the nitty gritty technical details about differences between the SAT and ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

A Short History of the Chinese in Cuba

A Short History of the Chinese in Cuba The Chinese first arrived in Cuba in significant numbers in the late 1850s to toil in Cuba’s sugarcane fields. At that time, Cuba was arguably the largest producer of sugar in the world. Due to the diminishing African slave trade after England’s abolition of slavery in 1833 and the decline of slavery in the United States, a labor shortage in Cuba led plantation owners to search for workers elsewhere. China emerged as the labor source following deep social upheaval after the First and Second Opium Wars. Changes in the farming system, a surge in population growth, political discontentment, natural disasters, banditry, and ethnic strife- especially in southern China- led many farmers and peasants to leave China and look for work overseas. While some willingly left China for contract work in Cuba, others were coerced into semi-indentured servitude. The First Ship On June 3, 1857, the first ship arrived in Cuba carrying about 200 Chinese laborers on eight-year contracts. In many cases, these Chinese â€Å"coolies† were treated just as the African slaves were. The situation was so severe that the imperial Chinese government even sent investigators to Cuba in 1873 to look into a large number of suicides by Chinese laborers in Cuba, as well as allegations of abuse and breach of contract by plantation owners. Shortly after, the Chinese labor trade was prohibited and the last ship carrying Chinese laborers reached Cuba in 1874. Establishing a Community Many of these laborers intermarried with the local population of Cubans, Africans, and mixed-race women. Miscegenation laws forbade them to marry Spaniards. These Cuban-Chinese began to develop a distinct community. At its height, in the late 1870s, there were more than 40,000 Chinese in Cuba. In Havana, they established â€Å"El Barrio Chino† or Chinatown, which grew to 44 square blocks and was once the largest such community in Latin America. In addition to working in the fields, they opened shops, restaurants, and laundries and worked in factories. A unique fusion Chinese-Cuban cuisine melding Caribbean and Chinese flavors also emerged. Residents developed community organizations and social clubs, such as the Casino Chung Wah, founded in 1893. This community association continues to assist the Chinese in Cuba today with education and cultural programs. The Chinese-language weekly, Kwong Wah Po also still publishes in Havana. At the turn of the century, Cuba saw another wave of Chinese migrants – many coming from California. The 1959 Cuban Revolution Many Chinese Cubans participated in the anti-colonial movement against Spain. There were even three Chinese-Cuban Generals who served pivotal roles in the Cuban Revolution. There still stands a monument in Havana dedicated to the Chinese that fought in the revolution. By the 1950s however, the Chinese community in Cuba was already diminishing, and following the revolution, many also left the island. The Cuban revolution did create an increase in relations with China for a short time. Cuban leader Fidel Castro severed diplomatic ties with Taiwan in 1960, recognizing and establishing formal ties with the People’s Republic of China and Mao Zedong. But the relationship did not last long. Cuba’s friendship with the Soviet Union and Castro’s public criticism of China’s 1979 invasion of Vietnam became a sticking point for China. Relations warmed again in the 1980s during China’s economic reforms. Trade and diplomatic tours increased. By the 1990s, China was Cuba’s second largest trade partner. Chinese leaders visited the island several times in the 1990s and 2000s and further increased economic and technological agreements between the two countries. In its prominent role on the United Nations Security Council, China has long opposed U.S. sanctions on Cuba. The Cuban Chinese Today It’s estimated that Chinese Cubans (those who were born in China) only number about 400 today. Many are elderly residents who live near the run-down Barrio Chino. Some of their children and grandchildren still work in the shops and restaurants near Chinatown. Community groups are currently working to economically revitalize Havana’s Chinatown into a tourist destination. Many Cuban Chinese also migrated overseas. Well-known Chinese-Cuban restaurants have been established in New York City and Miami.

Saul, First King of Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saul, First King of Israel - Essay Example Following Elwell (1991, p. 54) Saul understand a new fact interpreted the Cross. Christians are Christians and speak with conviction of the immense meaning of the Cross solely because another fact has come into the picture, a fact which reverses the apparent meaning of the Cross and enables the believer to see its real place in God's redemptive work. Saul the persecutor of the church illustrates the difference. Before his conversion he knew that Jesus had been crucified, and he took it to prove that Jesus has been disowned by God and rightly rejected by Jewish leaders. Once converted, he saw in the Cross a quite different meaning; in the light of the Resurrection it had a positive and central place in a message that claimed the faith of men ( I Cor. 2:2). But it had that place and meaning only because the Resurrection supplied the interpreting fact that gave the Cross its true place in the Christian message. The Bible mentions this event as "Saul, who is also called Paul" (Acts 13:9). It is possible to say that a new name means a new life for this person. It means a new destiny and mentality. It is important to note the role of the human mind in the guidance of the Spirit. The Spirit comes into a life, the mind must abdicate.

Master's level APA-style paper as prescribed herein Essay

Master's level APA-style paper as prescribed herein - Essay Example There is evidence, that in the interest of profit, the company has participated actively in compromising the conditions the workers must endure to produce product. While Nike has promoted its company and its brand as a representation of health, environmental awareness, and social conscious, there is a significant amount of evidence that suggests that the company has compromised this representation. Nike has a corporate website that is rich in content, supplying information regarding codes of operation and ethics to create an image of corporate and social responsibility. According to the website, the following is a statement of the code of ethics to which employees should adhere. There is also information about the way in which conflicts and violations of that code can be reported. Our code of ethics for employees is called Inside the Lines; it defines the standards of conduct we expect of all our employees. Every year, employees are required to verify that they have read and understand Inside the Lines. We operate a global toll-free Alertline for employees to report in confidence any suspected violations of the law or our code of ethics. Any reported concerns around accounting, auditing or internal control are communicated to the Audit Committee of the Board. We expect our suppliers to share our standards and to operate in a legal and ethical manner. While Inside the Lines covers the behavior of Nike employees, our Nike Code of Conduct covers contractors who manufacture Nike-branded products. It directs them to respect the rights of their employees, and to provide them with a safe and healthy work environment.(Nike Responsibility, 2009). In an examination of these statements, the truth of how the company has conducted its business and its relationships with workers will reveal an accurate picture of how these policies are

Great Wall Golf & country Club Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Great Wall Golf & country Club - Case Study Example The development of Great Wall was intended to integrate the hotels and sports facilities with business and convention functions in the form of one modern community. Some of the key Human Resource policies at Great Wall include job design, change management, recruitment and selection, training and development, recognition and rewards, communication, managing discipline and retirement and termination. Great Wall has managed to achieve its staffing needs but staff retention is a larger problem. Therefore Great Wall employs various HRM practices which help in achieving its strategic goals. The goal of Great Wall is to not just maintain its status but also to evolve, grow and get better. It has therefore defined several strategic goals like business results, customer loyalty, employee loyalty and core competency/effectiveness which it aims to achieve in future. 1. How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically?   Great Wall’s core goal is to provide high qualit y service to each of its employees as well its customers. High class and successful Chinese business people, their spouses and guests expected a high quality service in order to compensate for the premium prices they paid as membership dues. Delivery of such high quality services was very challenging because such facilities were very difficult to access in China which could be easily available elsewhere. Therefore this situation made the need of friendly, responsive and high quality service more crucial. Great Wall deploys various training and development programs in its organizational structure whose aim is to provide practical and language training to its employees which help them gain self confidence and instills in them a service-oriented mindset. Managers are responsible for training staff in their departments. This reiterates the Group philosophy and mission and also results in longer employee retention and higher employee satisfaction. This ultimately leads to providing high quality service to everyone. Apart from providing transportation, meals, accommodation and recreational activities to its employees, Great Wall also provides non-monetary incentives such as English lessons, medical plans, comfortable housing, good food environment, security and entertainment. Also, working conditions and environment are far more pleasing at the resort and golf club of Great Wall than in the industrial settings. This helps in gaining employee confidence who would give his best to provide high quality service to its customers. Great Wall also conducts reward giving sessions for its managerial staff as well as rank and file employees wherein employees are appreciated and rewarded for performing well. For managerial recognition, the executive committee recently introduced a managerial bonus structure which involves a bonus accompanied by an increment in salary. The reward system for rank and file employees includes the â€Å"Employee of the month† award which rec ognizes the employee’s achievement and provides him with financial reward of one month’s salary. Achievers and star performers are invited to a party each month and their photographs are hung at a place where they can be conveniently viewed by guests and all visitors at the club. For

Dorothy Parker Essay Example for Free

Dorothy Parker Essay Dorothy Parker was an extraordinary woman. Extraordinary in her writings and extraordinary in what she achieved with her writings. Her books of poems and her short stories were bestsellers and her columns in The New Yorker were extremely popular. She was one of the only women and a central figure of the Algonquin Hotel Round Table, where all the great literary geniuses of her time would eat their lunch. Newspaper columnists qouted her and two Broadway plays were written about her. Briefly,she was one of the most talked about woman of her time. What is striking is that her fame came from her writings. So much fame for a woman’s writings is unusual nowadays but let aside in her time. And besides that she was not a minor writer but her literary output in the end was quite small: two volumes of short stories and three of poetry. The last decade of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth was a time of large scale political movements and social changes among women. A new generation of women writers emerged with Dorothy Parker as their most famous one. More oppurtunities for writers existed before the dominance of radio film and television. The newspapers and magazines flourished and only the area of New York City alone published 25 daily newspapers. The â€Å"New Women† as they were labeled were worried with winning women’s rights: the vote, education, economic freedom, acces to a career and a public voice. These women were educated and progressive and wanted a break with the conservative past. Women writers of the era did not see marrying and having children as their ultimate goal in life. They rejected the traditional women’s sphere and claimed a the territory of arts that had been a complete male territory before. Many feared to be thought of as â€Å"women writers†. Dorothy Parker said that her most fervent prayer had been â€Å"Please, God, don’t let me write like a woman†. Parker’s writings on the other hand were for the most part confined to women and to what is important to them. What made Parker so succesfull? What made that era crave her writings? In order to understand Parker’s succes we need to view her works in the context of the time they were written. Dorothy Parker was born in 1893. The most striking evidence of change of the role of women in society at that time was the emergence of the college educated and self supporting new woman. By 1870 there were eleven thousand women students enrolled in higher education (21 procent of all students) and a decade later there were forty thousand women students enrolled in higher education (32 procent of all students). After they graduated they had to choose between a traditional role of domesticity and young marriage or a career of paid work. On August 26, 1920 women officially earn the right to vote by the 19th Amendment. Although women did not become a strong political force right after that the Amendment did increase the power of women to effect change. Another important aspect of the changes in women’s postion in society these years was the first world war. Although the United States participated in the war for a relatively short time and did people not really have a clue about what was going on in Europe the war did change American culture significantly. More than four million American men were were mobilized and sent off to Europe. One of the outcomes of this was that women entered the workforce in increasing numbers. Working not in only jobs that were particulary feminine jobs like nursing but also in offices and factories, in stores and governmental agencies and more. Women found themselves working in previously male-dominated fields and they were earning higher wages than in the past. These changes gave women a new notion of indepedence and self-confidence. In 1920 23.6% of the workforce was female with 8.6 million females, ages 15 and up, working outside the home. In 1920, for the first time in American history more people (54.3 million) live in cities than rural areas (51.4). As people became to move into the cities their lifesty les changed. Cities have more activities like going to the theater and nightclubs. Women in the cities were more likely to work in restaurants or offices and other locations that took them away from home. All these factors together created an environment of freedom that women had never seen in the past. One of the most visble outcomes of this freedom was the emergence of the Flapper girl. The breakdown of the Victorian sexual norms was a gradual process but slowely the American society was ready for newer ideas about sexual norms. The young working class woman had been known for her flamboyant dresses and love of nightlife and dancing. .They were relatively economically autonomous and freed either by work or school from intense familial supervision, and began to find a more individualistic culture for themselves. Women’s appearance changed to a slender and smaller silhouette no longer restricted by petticoats and corsets.When the war began women started to favor more practical, shirtwaist-style dresses. These dresses gave more freedom of movement and a greater exposure of skin. First they inched up to calf length then up to knee length. Flappers didn’t show their feminime curves, cut their hair short and wore dark eyeshadow. As the United States was becoming more and more urban, industrial production increased by 60 percent during this decade while population growth was 15%. Mass production requires mass consumption. Advertising became more important tempting people to purchase the latest fashions and newest cars and spend money on nightclubs and restaurants in the cities. For women this industrial production meant that they were more likey to have vacuum cleaners, washing machines, refrigarators and other household appliances that lightened their household work. This increased their leisure time. Advertisements targeted women in the 1920’s. Women seemed to have more economic power than before and seemed to be in charge of the households money. However these advertisements still reflected traditional thinking of the women’s role in society. These advertisements stressed domesticity and pleasing men over any message of independence. Dorothy Parker was born at the very start of this period of the â€Å"modern woman†. While men and women were now equal under the law, discrimination against women still persisted. Throughout the 1920’s and 1930’s women were still struggling against restrictions. For example, in several states women were denied to serve on juries till 1940. The economic advances for women, too, were minimal. There was still a strong sexual division of labor. Discrimiantion in family responsibilities, education, salaries and promotions remained plentiful. During the depression women lost the gains made in the career world during the 1920s. And a renewed emphasis on the woman at home crushed the recently gained hopes for equality. More and more a stereoype emerged that women during the 1920s were sexually active (the Flapper) but politically apathetic. Parker’s work points a sharp finger at that stereotype and defies is. She keenly points out the ongoing struggles for women to break free. Parker began her professional life in 1915 when she went to work as a caption writer for Vogue at a salary of ten dollar a week. By 1917 she transferred to Vanity Fair and worked for editor Frank Crowninshield until 1920. From 1919 to 1923 Parker wrote poems, sketches, essays and columnd for more than thirty-five different literary journals and magazines. Parker’s first poem â€Å"Any porch† pubished in Vanity Fair in september 1915 presents nine different female voices who discuss various topics as the vote for women, a game of bridge, someones new haircut and the war in France. In 1916 she wrote a series of â€Å"hate songs†, satiric descriptions of husbands and wives, actors and actresses, relatvies and so on. These â€Å"hate songs† made Parker very popular. She soon began to build a reputation as a sophisticated young writer with a witty message. In 1926 her first collection of poems was published. Parker soon played a distinctive voice calling for equality and social independence for women. This distinctive voice calling for equality and social independence for women was not out there in a way the feminist movements of that era were calling for it. This voice was hidden between the lines of her poems and stories. â€Å"The Waltz† was published in The New Yorker in september 1933. The story reflects the thoughts and conversation of a girl who is dancing a waltz with a man who dances very badly. He steps al over her feet and kicks her in the shin every so often. She keeps saying that she’s not tired, that it didn’t hurt when he kicked her and when she gets past all feeling, the orchestra finally comes to a stop. When it does, she tells him that she wishes he’d tell them to play the same thing. She said that she would simply adore to go on waltzing even though she hates it. The two voices in this short story reflect the contrast between a polite public voice and a witty and angry private voice. These two voices reflect a clear statement of the w oman’s outward conformity and inward rebellion. In this way the two voices in â€Å"The Waltz† are metaphoric for the woman’s powerlessness. Right from the start of the story it is clear that the woman does not want to dance with this man. She does not want to dance at all but definitely not with this man. But still she gets up and dances with him. Parker is trying to point out that there is not that many young women out there who say what they think. There is not really an alternative for the woman in this story, how can she be rude? She can’t be rude to a man who asks her to dance. Women after all were supposed to please men. Parker does not judge the woman in this story for not saying what she thinks. She is not trying to bring young women who act like that down. She just simply wrote down how things like this work in a woman’s head and letting the world know that woman do not always smile from the inside when they smile from the outside. In 1929 Parker published another short story with an hidden message about gender roles. In â€Å"Big Blonde† Parker tells the story of a talented woman, Hazel Morse. Men seem to like her and as Parker wrote â€Å"Men liked her, and she took it for granted that the liking of men was a desirable thing†. Hazel Morse wants men to like her and â€Å"she never pondered if she might not be occupied doing something else†. She had been working for a couple years untill she met her husband. They got married and in the beginning everything seems fine. As the story goes on it becomes clear that Hazel Morse’s life revolves around pleasing her husband while she is so bored and unhappy at home. She gets divoced and gets married again a couple times but in the end in all her marriages and in the rest of her life she is never occupied with anything else than a desire for men to like her. One other desire Hazel Morse has is a desire for nice furniture and clothing. With every men that comes in to her life Parker describes wheter he is rich or not and what he buys for Hazel Morse. All this stuff does not make her happy either. At the end of the story Hazal Morse tries to commit suicide. What Parker tried to point out here is that women like Hazal Morse are only occupied by a desire for men to like them. This constant desire in the end makes women unhappy because they do not ask themselves what they want for themselves. She also targeted the new american consuming culture in this story. Parker stated that nice clothes and nice furniture are not going to make women happy in the end. Again, just as in â€Å"The Waltz† Parker does not judge Hazal Morse for her actions. But she does make very clear that the life of women who never ponder if they might be occupied with something else than pleasing men is not going to end well. In her stories on gender relations Parker did not criticize women directly but she does have short stories and poems in where she criticized women directly. In one of her early poems (1916) called â€Å"Women: A Hate song† she writes in the first paragraph of the poem how much she hates domestic women. She thought they were â€Å"the worst†. In her poem she groupes them together, there are no individual housewives they are all just as worse. They claim to all be always happy in Parkers view and all they do is hurry home to provide dinner for her family. The rest of their days are filled with making dresses and trying out recipes. Parker, by saying that she hates â€Å"the domestic ones† the most of all made a clear statement about the traditional role of women in society. She hated it. She hated the idea of women staying at home their whole lifes to take care of their families. Interesting is that she did not only criticize housewives but she also became known fo r her condemnation of the flapper. In her poem, â€Å"The Flapper† written in 1922 she starts her poem of by saying that flappers are innocent. Then she continues to say that flappers are not â€Å"what grandma used to be†. Women wanted to break from the traditions from the generations before them but in the way Parker said it in this poem it is not meant as a compliment. She also says that flappers are â€Å"girlish†. By saying this it becomes clear that Parker did not take them serious. They were not serious and grown up women but they were all young girls. She then continues to say that there is no more harm in them â€Å"than in a submarine†. Which clearly means that Parker thought they were capable of doing damage to the whole society. She also writes that the flapper girl is not â€Å"in control† and that people only focus on their pranks. They are only noticed for their unruly behaviour and not for any good that they do. She ends this poem by saying that the Flapper girls are young and that the life the live is a rough one. This poem makes clear that Parker did not agree with the way the Fl apper girls were trying to break with the past. The way the Flapper girls were trying to challenge the norm was not the best or most productive in Parker’s eyes. â€Å"Men seldom make passes, at girls who wear glasses† is one of Parkers most famous quotes. The quote was not actually written as a quote but as a poem in 1926 under the title â€Å"News Item†. In one line Parker was able to describe that men were usually not charmed by the smart women in society. (Since glasses are associated with intelligence or education). The modern woman had achieved more equality in education but as Parker describes men did not seemed to like these educated women. The major themes in Parkers writings are a lack of communication between women and men, disintegration of relationships, motherhood, women’s emotional dependency upon men, the selfishness of the wealthy and the danger of empitness in women’s lives. Her audience was broad. She managed to write for men and women of different social classes. The purpose of a writer was in Parkers opinion â€Å"to say what he feels and sees†. â€Å"Those who write fantasies† she did not consider artists. This nation of â€Å"to say what he feels and sees† made her stories extremely recognizable. In one of her short stories â€Å"A telephone call† Parker describes a woman waiting for a man to call her. The man had promised to call her at 5 and at 7 he still has not called. Parker described what goes through the woman’s mind. Anyone who has ever waited on a wanted telephone call knows exactely what the woman in the story goes trough because Parker sets out t he woman’s thoughts in so much detail. Her writings are satiric, which makes them fun and easy to read but behind and between the lines there is a clear message. A lot of the times this message were convictions on the existing gender relations in society. From her writings it becomes clear that Parker was a feminist. Later in her life she was quoted saying â€Å"I’m a feminist and God knows I’m loyal to my sex, and you must remember that from my very early days, when this city was scarcely safe from buffaloes, I was in the struggle for equal rights for women.† She did however never join one of the organized feminists movements. The feminist movements of her time convicted the gender relations in a more serious and less humourous way. Her talent to convict these gender relations in a humourous way are undoubtly one of the reasons of her succes. The majority of the people was not interested in reading serious and bitter comments on the gender relations. In her â€Å"New Item† poem she could have said: â€Å"Men are sexist pigs who want to hold women in the kitchen were they belong.† Instead of that she wrote a brilliantly witty poem that everyone knows untill today. Dorothy Parker might have been a feminist secretely fighting for women’s rights, she did not wanted to be associated with any sort of woman. In her short story â€Å"Women: a hate song† she basically stated that she hates every sort of woman. From the housewives to the Flappers. Parker wanted women to take advantage of the rights they had attained and she did not feel like enough women were doing that. What she rejected most of all were the standards for female writing and thinking. One of her biographers Marion Maede wrote that Parker did not presented herself so much â€Å"as a bad girl† but as a â€Å"bad boy, a firecracker who was agressively proud of being tough, quirky, feisty.† Parker’s writings satisfied a craving for comments on this â€Å"modern women† and the new gender relations that were a part of that. Women in American society on the one hand were happy on the one hand with their new achievements of equality between men and women. On the other hand, they were dissapointed in the actual changes. Not only were the achievements in equality by law, in economic advances and education not what they had hoped for, they were also dissapointed in the new image of a stereotype women who was sexually liberated but in every way was the minor in relationships between woman and man. These dissapointments and discriminations of the modern women were not out on the surface. No one would have probably even been able to explain at that time what these dissapointments and discriminations exactly were. Dorothy Parker could see the friction underneath the surface of a sophistication-thirsty, consumer-obsessed American society. In her short stories and her poems she was able to point a sharp finger at all these dissapointments and discriminations. She was able to do that in a humourous satiric way. Not in bold statements, but in a subtile way behind and between the lines of her writings. Her greatest achievement was that her writings were attractive to read for women and men. Popular writing for both sexes would be a great achievement nowadays but even more in that era in which the tensions between gender relations were at its sharpest. All these things combined made Parker succesfull in making her readers observe modern culture in a different way, and they all loved reading it. Bunkers, Suzanne L. Dorothy Parker as Feminist and Social Critic (1987). Evans, Sara M. Born for liberty. A history of women in America (New York 1989). Keats, John. You might as well live. The life and times of Dorothy Parker (New York 1970). Keyser, Catherine. Girls who wear glasses. In A New Literaty History of America edited by Wernes Sollors and Griel Marcus (Harvard 2012). Parker, Dorothy. Complete Poems (1999). Parker, Dorothy. Here Lies. The Collected Stories of Dorothy Parker (New York 1933). Sagert, Kelly Boyer. Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture (2010). [ 1 ]. John Keats, You might as well live. The life and times of Dorothy Parker (New York 1970) 9. [ 2 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xvi. [ 3 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xvi. [ 4 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xvi. [ 5 ]. Sara M. Evans, Born for liberty. A history of women in America (New York 1989) 147. [ 6 ]. Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers xiv. [ 7 ]. Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers xiv. [ 8 ]. Evans, Sara M Born for liberty 161. [ 9 ]. Evans, Sara M Born for liberty 161. [ 10 ]. Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers 15. [ 11 ]. Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers 20. [ 12 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxv. [ 13 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxvi. [ 14 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxvi. [ 15 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xix. [ 16 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xix. [ 17 ]. Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxvi. [ 18 ]. Catherine Keyser, Girls who wear glasses, in A New Literary History of America, edited by Werner Sollors and Griel Marcus (Harvard 2012).